Know Why You Believe Essays - Christian Philosophy,

Know Why You Believe Paul E. Little Book Critique This book was a very well balanced look at one of the greatest problems with the Church today; the fact that most Christians know that they believe... but they don't know why they believe. It covered topics such as is there a God? Did Christ really rise from the dead? Is the Bible God's holy word? If God loves us so much, then why does he allow suffering and evil? And the mother taboo of them all, Is this whole thing even rational? Little takes on some of the most undesirable subjects in Christianity. More importantly he not only exposes them for the fallacies which they are but also shows us why we should believe, that God is God and their is no other, that Christ rose from the dead and paid for our sins, that God's word is holy and eternal, that God loves us so much that he gave us the right to obey or disobey him and had we obeyed him there would be no suffering or evil, and that God's ways are indeed above mans ways and why a lot of this may not make sense to him it is not irrational or illogical that there is a God and he loves us. It's not so much that we can't believe, but that we don't want to believe. This book is a shot right between the eyes to all the silent doubts that have plagued the Church and it's teaching for so many years. Its not enough for us to simply show up for church anymore, but know why were their. That's what has been wrong with the church for so many years, the world looks at us and asks us "how can you worship a God, that allowed my baby to be born blind" or "you can't see God or touch or hear him, why then do you believe in him?" or how do you know that Christ rose from the dead, where you there?" And many other questions that challenge our beliefs. The church has heard these questions for many years and has given them the same answers for many years. "according to the word of God..." "In my personal walk with God, I have found..." The same answers were given to us when we asked these questions, they made sense to us and we believed. However the world still says that these answers are unsatisfactory and that they don't make sense to them. If they believed in your God then they would believe in his word and would believe in your walk with him. But they don't believe in any of that. And we allow that to bother us, we don't understand why we believe and why they don't. But we've never stopped and thought that maybe when we heard these answers we wanted to believe. We wanted to have some justification for our faith. And when the world hears these answers it's not that they don't make sense to them, it's that they don't want it to make sense to them. This book is a great help in understanding that. If they acknowledge that your God is real, then they must acknowledge that they are living in sin. To allot of people this is the true problem and the real reason why they won't believe. This insight is vital to understanding that what you believe is indeed the eternal truth of God and that that the world refuses to acknowledge God because it means that they must acknowledge their sin. This book takes a very accurate look at this. This was a very open look at the rational of faith it was very biblically sound making full use of the scripture and also of personal experience. I would highly recommend it to any Christian that has ever wondered " what if ". I found this book to be fair and open about some of the most ignored issues in the Christian walk. In my personal life I was introduced to Christianity through my mother. In my house my mothers word was law and if she said to pray to god then you prayed to God, and didn't stop until she said it

Communist Russia essays

Communist Russia essays In the past Russia has been a communist society. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the society strived to become more advanced and more Western. After the collapse, the people had optimistic expectations. They believed that there would be a short transition period, a rise of a normal/civil society and that Russia would replace the Soviet Union as a great power. This did not happen. In fact, there were many difficulties that they are slowly overcoming. An event that, in my opinion, has encouraged a step in the right direction is the 1996 presidential election. This election was similar to a democracy but not exactly. There are certain elements of a democracy that Russia has not fully embraced. In the 1996 elections, Russia was still in the shadows on how to make the democracy work for them. Before jumping right into the election, I would like to discuss the collapse and the path that led to the democracy style elections. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the people expected a short, difficult transition period. This period turned out to be long and lasted until the end of the decade. The people were also looking forward to a rise of a normal/civil society with the addition of a middle class. In fact, they developed an hourglass society. This meaning that there was a small amount of middle class people and a large number of lower class people. The concentration of the wealth was in the possession of a small number of people. Russia also expected to take the place of the Soviet as a great power. They have not, as of yet, retained their status. Socialists believed that this would lead to a rebound of a normal democratic society. This didnt happen. Some reasons were that no one remembered the pre-Soviet past and that the totalitarian way had become a way of life. Russia is still making steps to become a normal democratic society. With the 1996 presidential electio...

Efficiency of Clustering Algorithms in Mining Biological databases Research Paper

Efficiency of Clustering Algorithms in Mining Biological databases - Research Paper Example For example Hierarchical algorithms often work by either splitting or merging the groups being analyzed in order to develop a hierarchy of clusters that is based on the similarity of the sequences. On the other hand, partitioning algorithms work by partitioning the data sets being analyzed based on distance between them (Fayyad , 2003, 346). The selection of any type of clustering algorithm should however be primarily based on the nature of the sequences or clusters to be analyzed, the acceptable error expected as the availability of computational resources. This is particularly with regard to the fact that each of the categories of clustering algorithms has its own strengths and limitations and therefore suited for different tasks. Biological databases such as those involving the mining of protein or gene sequences are best analyzed using clustering algorithms because it provides detailed exploratory analysis of the sequences. This paper critically analyzes the efficiency of cluster ing algorithms in the mining of biological databases such as gene sequences. Applications of clustering algorithms in analyzing gene sequences During the statistical analysis of biological databases, the choice of clustering, the choice of clustering algorithm often depends on the nature of data sets as well as the intended application of the results. In biological data mining most of the sequences that are increasingly being analyzed using clustering algorithms include genomic as well as protein sequences. According to Werner (2008, 52), recent advances in bioinformatics have resulted in the increasing use of clustering algorithms in the analysis of both protein and gene sequences In the study of gene expressions, clustering is one of the major exploratory techniques used in the analysis of microarray slides containing hundreds of thousands of genes2. In such cases, clustering is employed to help group together similar genes and consequently enable the biologists to identify the re lationship between the particular genes as well as reduce the amount of information that is needed to be analyzed. Genes clustered together are usually co-regulated or sharing similar functions. Additionally when time series clustering methods are used, genes which exhibit similar characteristics at given times may be grouped together to indicate a possibility of co-regulation. Clustering algorithms can also be efficiently used analyze gene samples on the basis of similar expression patterns. Although expression patterns usually involve complex phenotypes, clustering analysis is one of the most effective techniques that can be used to identify arrays with similar or different phenotype characteristics. This application of clustering algorithms is particularly important in medical researches where the approach allows medical scientists to identify different pathologies on the basis of the gene expression patterns as opposed to the common histological methods. In unsupervised cluster analysis of gene expression arrays, the major assumption is usually that genes of the same biological process should be clustered together whether in condition dependent or in time series. Another important area in the mining of genetic databases in which clustering algorithms is significantly used is the analysis of gene profiles. In this regard clustering algorithm is potentially important in the analysis of sub classes of diseases as well as in the detection of genes

How Information Literacy Influences Scholarship, Practice, and Essay

How Information Literacy Influences Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership in a Specific Discipline such as Education - Essay Example Besides, leaders must have the capacity of converting their acquired theoretical understanding into observable behaviors of leadership, practices and on a daily basis. When one applies this kind of approach to business education, it brings out the aspect of self-aware organization; which gets its operation theory internally, being able to apply the theory in effective usage models, and maturing such a model while at the same time document such evolution for the benefit of professionals in other places to learn from it. Most of such maturity models actually do exist but in many cases, they fail to comprise of rigors of literacy of advancement or even scholarly research (Turusheva, 2009; Lauer & Yodanis, 2004). When we are in learning process, broadening the comparative perspective of such students by use of international contexts gives them a universal pattern that is natural in terms of human behavior. When we apply this kind of concept to business education, evolving standards are i llustrated in the international perspective which includes curriculum training imparted across transnational cultures and other social practices. Information literacy remains a critical trait and with the available information, all stakeholders in business education need to understand the need for consistently looking for new information that is deemed valuable, practices it at work and is able to create required knowledge to enable the entire organization to progress. There is a major problem in the current system since new graduates and the ongoing students have no capacity of knowing reliable information, nor could discerning differences in valuable and sound data from what be considered useless (Lauer & Yodanis, 2004). Scholarship, practice and leadership model dubbed SPL could guide the educators in business in the formation of present and future students and leaders who should be learning on a continual basis. Such a task is quite cumbersome given that it is enshrined in the a ttempts to reforming already established education models. The main approach taken by scholarship practice and leadership model has been the attempt to enjoin theory of different areas with required practices and trying to push new actions that have a beneficial and prolonged impact on those who directly receive such a model. Scholarship aspect in such a SPL model has all to do with gaining profound knowledge and understanding the various theories in the field and presenting constructively debatable arguments and criticism alike that influence evolution, research and thorough understanding (Tourish, et al., 2010). This scholastic level has been the confine of business education for many years. It is quite interesting that the role of education has remained in the transfer of knowledge by use of textbooks and constant examinations. Much as theory is important, the system of such education needs to give a clear guidance on the application of these grasped theories when it comes to act ual or practical situations. Practice is influenced by information literacy through relevant application of such literally works that are currently found in fulfilling an organization’s proposition of value tenets. Such actions start by

Security after September 11 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Security after September 11 - Assignment Example Also, following the Cold War with Russia, the U.S. government could conclude almost with a precision that it had contained all its enemies. However, this was far from reality as sooner than later it terrorists struck. From bombings in U.S. embassies found in East Africa to the deadly attacks at World Trade Centre and Twin Towers, it became evident that U.S. security details had to undergo considerable reforms (Bolton, 2008). In this paper, I present some of the security changes that took place following September 11 incident and their impacts on my lifestyle. Immediately after the attack, it was evident that there was a lot of security laxity at the airports. This is because the suicide bombers who hijacked the ill-fated planes successfully manoeuvred the airport security personnel to carry out the attacks. Congress responded to this by passing Aviation and Transportation Security Act, which resulted in the creation of Transportation Security Administration. Before the 9/11 incident, security issues within the airports was handled by respective airports, which also hired the services of private security companies (Pinkowski, 2008). TSA got into action almost immediately by implementing a set of procedures such as stricter guidelines on passenger and luggage screening. As at the moment, only ticketed passengers are allowed to go through security. The latest set of technologies have also been adopted at the airports to screen for weapons and any other object that could be a threat to passengers aboard the plane. Furthermore, liquids were ba nned and everybody is expected to remove their shoes while undergoing screening. Another change that happened involved tightening the immigration procedures. Unlike before the 9/11 incident, it was somehow easier for immigrants from all over the world to gain access to the United States of America. However, following the attacks, Congress responded immediately be demanding that the immigration department limit such immigration.  Ã‚  

Analysing The Causes And Effects Of Violence At Home Social Work Essay

Analysing The Causes And Effects Of Violence At Home Social Work Essay Violence is a big part of the world today. The news and the television always have some kind of story that is dealing with violence. People are always wondering why violence started and why people would do something like that. When we look at the big picture, most types of violence start at home. As children grow up they are influenced by many things in the world. A lot of times people say that children are the splitting image of their parents. Children tend to act and do things that their parents would do. This means that if a child witnesses someone at home getting abused by a parent, they will most likely think that it is ok and learn from that. A child learning violence at home comes with many kinds of consequences. Many children who learn and observe abusive behaviors will also demonstrate those behaviors. Research has been done in attempt to show, children who witness or are abused during childhood tend to demonstrate these behaviors during later childhood and adulthood. Aggressive and troubled behaviors in young children may be indicators or problems that are suffered at home form direct child abuse from the parents. It may also come from indirect abuse, such as witnessing domestic violence. Direct violence is a violence that is at home and is targeted against the children by the parents. There are several symptoms that a child will face when they are abused. Some will include an attempt to harm themselves, become depressed, model the behaviors of their parents, and acting out in violent and aggressive ways. Indirect violence is a violence at home in which a child witnesses abuse against the parents. There are also several symptoms to watching this kind of abuse such as the childs development is negatively impacted, negative emotional reactions, behavioral problems, and physical and mental health impairment Baldry (2007) conducted a study that was done with 532 Italian young children, measuring direct and indirect child abuse from parents and parent to parent abuse, which were causing troubled and aggressive behaviors. The results showed high levels of delinquent and aggressive behaviors and high levels of reported direct and indirect family abuse. The problems were found mostly to be associated with parental abuse. It indicated that children who are abused are more likely to become aggressive or even involved in deviant acts. The results basically said that if a child is involved in abuse or has witnessed abuse, they will have some kind of affects from it. Many women are abused by intimate partners and millions of children witness this everyday. About half of the men that abuse their wives also abuse their children. About 3.3 million children are exposed to violence against there mothers.(Baldry, 2007) Many of these children are also physically abused. Children who are exposed to violence often show difficulties in life such as violent behavior as adults. There is evidence out there that witnessing or experiencing violent behavior is related to different types of abusive behavior or even psychopathology. There are a variety of outcomes that come with physical abuse such as behavioral, emotional, and social problems. Some of the affects are short-term, but a lot of them are long-term. These affects will have an impact on the children for the rest of their lives. Murrell, Christoff, and Henning (2007) looked at the differences in generality, frequency and severity of the violent crimes, nonviolent crime behavior, and psychopathology within a population of 1,099 adult males with different levels of exposure to violence as a child. Generality, frequency, and severity of crime all increased as the levels of childhood violence increased. A theory showed that men who witnessed domestic violence as a child committed the most frequent domestic violent crimes. They also found that men who were abused as a child were more likely to abuse children. The study also found that men who were abused a child were more likely to commit more violent crimes. Studies are proving that children who are abused or witness violence are the ones that commit more violent crimes as adults. The results proved that violence has an affect of people. As the participants exposure to violence increased, so did the chances of having more violent behavior as adults. The results also showed that adults that were abused as a child will often times become a child abuser. Children who are exposed to parental violence are at risk for adjustment problems, but little is known why children from violent families develop different patterns of adjustment. In Fosco, DeBoard, and Grych (2007) research it showed that childrens perceptions and interpretations of aggression may play a role in the impact of parent violence on their short-term and long-term functioning. Parent conflicts have been linked to childrens emotional and behavioral responses to conflict as well as their adjustments in life. Parents affects on children is what shapes the child and causes them to be who they are. This explains why there are violent children in the world, who learning things from their parents. The results showed that violence does have an effect on children. Many children not only deal with behavioral problems, but also with social and emotional problems. Most children think that most of the time it is their fault for the violence, so they try to figure out why it is happening and what they can do to stop it. This can cause a huge amount of stress, which takes a lot out of a child. In many cases violence can cause a child to have many symptoms such as anxiety, depression, or even posttraumatic stress disorders. Children are often times traumatized from abuse and the effects of it. It is especially difficult for a young child to deal with abuse. That is why a lot of time children have several issues dealing with it. There are several treatment modalities out there that are developed for children who are exposed to abuse and family violence. One type of treatment is one-on-one, which deals with the individuals traumatic problems, thoughts, and behavioral interactions. Another type of treatment is group treatment, which deals with general beliefs, attitudes, and reactions to violence. Some treatments just focus on adjustment problems, such as aggression or conduct disorders that have to do with child abuse. Other treatments deal with preventive strategies, which are to help children that are living in violent families. The overall goals for exposure interventions are to help a child; 1. Separate the thoughts, cues, and any other reminders of surrounding trauma; 2. Make sense of reactions of th e traumatic event; 3. Discuss and think of an alternative response. (Vickerman, Margolin, 2007) There are several problems and results that children face when dealing with abuse. Any way that someone can help a child get through these problems will help them have a better life. All the interventions and resources out there are to help the child, so that they are not dealing with the issues for the rest of their lives. There are many studies and research found to prove that any child who witnesses or has been abused will have many affects from it as and adolescent or an adult. Children do learn and develop at a very young age and that is why it can be very harmful to a child to witness or go through abuse. A child will have many affects from violence and some of them can harm them for the rest of their lives. Many children will grow up with emotional, social and behavioral problems due to the violence that have faced. It is proven that a child that is involved in family violence will have greater chance of becoming a more violent adult. This might be the reason why we have so much violence in the world. There are interventions and treatments out there for children and adults to go for help. In most cases the treatments do help and children are able to move with their lives. The biggest thing when it come to people who have experienced violence is that most of them deal with huge problems and if the y can get help, in most cases it will not affect them forever. Abuse and violence at home needs to stop and in any way that it can be prevented or helped will help fix this problem in the world.

lamb Essay -- essays research papers

The lamb is a symbol of innocence, ignorance, purity, and self justification. In William Blake’s poem The Lamb, children are biblically innocent and the speaker contrast himself to the higher divinity. In this interpretation of children the speaker may possibly be trying to use ignorance as an excuse for sin in his life. The lamb’s natural gifts are clearly envied by the speaker, the gifts being food, shelter, and happiness. William Blake may have used this scene of fertile valleys to allow the reader to also feel the envy towards the lamb’s peaceful existence. â€Å"The lamb by no fault of its own is prosecuted by speaker, later to be found incoherent with his own tortures and suffrages†(Paananem 40).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Blake used direct dictation through his poem, â€Å"The Lamb†, in distributing his theorem, which we, humans, seek to find peace within our selves only after reestablishing our identity with something pure. Humans are biblically damned to eternal unhappiness, the past was the beginning of future’s pain. The biblical reference to Adam and Eve is subtle but clear enough with the envy portrayed by the speaker towards the lamb. The eternal suffering will not cease until humans take acknowledgment of their own faults and own sins. The speaker is seeking answers to his questions, about how the lamb gained such natural innocence here. There are no clear answers to any of the speaker’s questions throughout the poem, causing the readers to stir within themse...

Globalization on Chinese Society Essay

Our research aims to discover peculiarities of ideology in China. It’s going to highlight integrating values, legitimating the government’s policies and continued authority. The study is a review of articles by David Lynch, Gordon White and Feng Chen. From the recent past years up to this point of time, China has been taking part in extensive economic globalization activities like facilitating free trade policy. China’s new economic openness has resulted to remarkable growth trends. It has been practicing its â€Å"go out policy† by participating in the international market competitions. Observers have also noted some major changes in the Chinese media in coping up with globalization. With China’s entry to the World Trade Organization, structural reforms have taken place and more and more researchers have focused their interest on the interaction between Chinese media particularly television and the world at large. Currently, China is still in a whirl and sways with various ideologies such as a waning communist ideology, an increasing conservatism, as well as liberalism. Various ideological trends such as globalism, nationalism, individualism and pragmatism are likewise alive and under further exploration especially by Chinese youths. The pursuit of the leftists who adhere to the theory of socialism, elect to preserve the fundamental purity of the socialist economy and state authority. Meanwhile, reformists have argued that China should rather enrich its market economy and the rights to property. Besides, reformists want to recognize private entrepreneurship to join the Party. There exists some few numbers of youths having true belief in communism. Most of them, however, want membership to the Party as a stepping ladder in gaining their individual objectives. In some of the researches, David Lynch (2000 (Lynch, 1999, p173) has focused his objects on what expectations the intellectual and political elites expect leading to same changes in China for the years ahead. The objects include linked issues on some domestic and political affairs, the power capability of China as a nation, how the party state would defend its national identity as well as its cultural heritage and integrity in the face of the raging and deepening effects of globalization. Besides, Lynch assesses on how China aligns its new development and technology in directing its society’s future. With the continued transformation of the media including print, TV, the Internet, the entry of some foreign TV programming and the likes now depends mostly on the supply and demand and the behavior of the controlling party. The improvements of local or domestic contents have rivalled foreign counterparts. Lynch also assessed the trends in censorship and found some possible means by which media could possibly find ways of overcoming or avoiding rules, laws, problems, or difficulty to government restrictions of imported as well as local media contents. Briefly, Lynch tries to arrive at a point when the communist government’s hold on China’s domestic affairs would become loose due to the use of new technology. â€Å"Dilemmas of ‘Thought Work’ in Fin-de-Siecle China† reports that in May 1997 was established special organ of the Party Central Committee – Central Guidance Committee on Spiritual Civilization Construction. This fact indicates the seriousness of intentions in pursuing the spiritual civilization line. â€Å"Thought work† refers to Chinese Communist Party’s attempts to transmit socialist ideology and to control ideas of the masses so that they will comply to the demands of the national development plan. In his article Lynch argued that the government’s efforts to build a socialist spiritual civilization in China failed. He concluded that government’s attempts to limit access to global media and control political discourse turn out to be ineffective. Lynch reports the Chinese Ministry of Public Security’s estimate that as many as 620,000 Chinese had access to the internet in 1997, with a rise to 4 million expected by 2000 (Lynch, 1999, p. 193). The propaganda state is indeed crumbling. The author reports that Chinese children play cops and robbers who require the cops to inform the robbers of their rights before taking them into detention, as they have seen in American movies (Lynch, 1999). Other political writers like Feng Chen and Gordon White agree that China’s Chinese Communist Party is capable of adapting itself to the changing political climate. Moreover, China’s leaders could strengthen its position like having political legitimacy by re-inventing itself and continue some evolutionary tuning to reinforce the CCP’s legitimacy. Nevertheless, evolutionary refining is a hit and miss system that nobody can guaranty its success. Gordon White primarily focused on the politically engaged society in China. According to White politically-engaged society proved to be a durable theme in Chinese politics. Riding the Tiger concludes that society’s political engagement with the state will shape future of the state. For example, There may be a form of Chinese ‘Brezhnevism’ to see out the millennium as the current leadership tries to stay in power. If this is indeed the case, then the political contradictions and trends which I have identified will intensify and make it more likely that the transition, when it comes, will be sudden, radical and possibly violent. (White, 1993, p. 255) Even if the market becomes predominant through radical reform and even if it takes a capitalist form, which is very probable, there is a continuing need for a new form of developmental state to tackle†¦social and economic problems [such as market failure and its consequences for the poor]. In the short term, moreover, the role of the state is even more crucial because of the need to break through the ‘hard policy constraint’ and manage the transition from a planned to a market economy. This is a process†¦which is fraught with instability and tensions arising from the opposition of vested interests, threats to economic security, inflation and growing inequality. A strong state is needed to provide the political order and direction necessary to underpin this transition and regulate an emergent market economy in a huge and increasingly complex country. (White, 1993, pp. 238-9) As Gordon White has observed in Riding the Tiger, an attempt to establish a political system that can serve as an alternative to both capitalist economics and liberal politics has not appeared to be possible in China: â€Å"Marxist-Leninist socialism has been incapable of reforming itself and that ‘market socialism’ rather than saving its bacon, cooks its goose† (White, 1993, p. 12). White was writing at the start of the 1990s. Civil society-like forms emerged in China in the 1990s. That process the result collapse of the state structure, as it was in Soviet Union. But for the time being the Party-state still remains in command. As it was noted in Riding the Tiger, â€Å"to the extent the economic reforms were the spearhead of an attempt to resuscitate the political fortunes of Chinese state socialism, they can be judged to be a dismal failure†(White, 1993, p. 233). By the millennium China was certainly the most successful of the socialist states in adjusting to capitalism. Yet at the same time socialism remains in place in China and power is monopolized by the Communist Party. White denoted this combination as â€Å"market Stalinism† (White, 1993, p. 256). White suggests that the increasing prevalence of the elements of a civil society does not point toward an evolution into more liberal regime with market-oriented economy and multiparty political system. The author also noted that in Chinese society there are some groups that didn’t make benefits from the reforms. These would include state officials and state workers, women and the unemployed and floating populations: Fear of threats to status, power or income; disappointment because the reforms were delivering less than they had promised; disgruntlement arising from the â€Å"red-eye disease†; concerns that gains already achieved were in danger of erosion (through inflation and leadership mismanagement); contrarily, impatience at a deceleration of the reforms and anxiety at an acceleration. (White, 1993, p. 217) Some observers have concluded that the efforts of the Central Party in building some thought works on socialism in China has been not effective. Moreover, they gravitate to some extent. Formerly, China firmly opposed globalization as it disrupts some global institutions. Today, China is one of the firm advocates of liberalization and globalization, opening its trading system to the world. Slowly but surely, the Chinese system has now been updating itself on the rule of law, adapting many foreign laws to transform its civilization. China’s success through globalization, which happened in a short time, has indeed uplifted the standards of living of many workers. With such economic success arising from the impact of globalization, China has learned some stressful and painful lessons adjusting itself. Some of the effects include the decline of state employment from 110 million in 1995 to 66 million in March 2005, the lost of 25 million jobs in the manufacturing establishments, and the consolidation of some 125 car companies to just six firms. Its recent economic growth has revived and revved up the economy of Japan and kept safe its neighboring countries from recession, which otherwise could have led to a risky global downturn. With the prevailing trend of globalization, the process has deeply influenced the study habits, culture, and consumption styles of the youth (ACYF). They now believe that English is a basic skill and reference for one to acquire a degree. As more and more Chinese youths go out to study abroad, more and more of them have returned home, which benefits their culture. The youths now could avail some entertainments made in the USA, Europe, and elsewhere via television, films, videos, and the internet. Even internet games or serial TV programs from Japan or Korea have become the favorite of young students. Young people now in China are learning more the facts of life, society, and world affairs through the said media. When educators, scholars, officials, and artists speak of culture, this includes both the physical and non-physical aspects. The physical or material aspects include sites, landscapes, monuments, buildings, and like objects whereas non-physical aspects include music dance, language, poetry, and the like, which have been associated with China’s social practices. The non-physical culture is China’s living heritage is passed from one generation to the other. In reality, one should accept the fact that culture cannot be easily isolated from the influence or effects of globalization (UICIFD). To conclude the work we should note that ideology is still alive in China. The Chinese communist regime didn’t decline its ideological absolutism. The Communist Party alone that possesses the universal truth and represents the fundamental interest of the people (Guo, 1995, p. 84). In fact, â€Å"Mao Zedong thought† or â€Å"Deng Xiaoping theory† was adapted by the post-Mao party leadership in accordance with the changes of the China’s specific conditions. But this modification does not suggest discarding the fundamental principles and norms, but renovation within the same basic framework of development of Marxism. But post-Mao regime has cautiously modified some of Mao’s doctrines through the official interpretation of the sacred text (Guo, 1995, p. 84-85). As Feng Chen asserted, agricultural decollectivization in China was not an equivalent of â€Å"privatization,† but only the transformation of the rural economy into â€Å"a new type of collective economy, characterized by combining public ownership of the land with totally individualized operations of production† (Feng Chen, 1998, p. 82). To the post- Mao leadership, such an arrangement is defined as the â€Å"separation of land ownership rights and land use rights† (Feng Chen, 1998, p. 88). Land in China remains under public ownership. Reference List White, G. (1993). Riding the Tiger: The Politics of Economic Reform in Post-Mao China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; London: Macmillan. Lynch, D. (1999). Dilemmas of ‘Thought Work’ in Fin-de-Siecle China. China Quarterly, 157. Guo, S. (1995). Totalitarianism: An Outdated Paradigm for Post-Mao China? Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, 14 (2). Chen, F. (1998). Rebuilding the Party’s Normative Authority: China’s Socialist Spiritual Civilization Campaign. Problems of Post-Communism, 45 (6).

Feminine Mystique Essays - Gender Studies, Gender, Free Essays

Feminine Mystique Essays - Gender Studies, Gender, Free Essays Feminine Mystique The Postwar effects on Women The feminine mystique that American culture promotes is entirely dependent upon its ideas, beliefs, and needs of the time. American culture has always tended to influence women into doing what the day and age required. After men went to war there was a gap in the work force that needed to be filled. During World War II women were the most available to join the work force. Due to the discouragement to raise families during the Great Depression and the fact that most men of age had entered the war, many women were left without families to look after and men to take to take care of them. Most women toiled at unskilled jobs; most were young, single, and without children (307). This lack of family and funds left women with no other place to go besides the factories. Womens need for work was nursed along by the media as well as the public. A rapidly expanding war economy absorbed most of the reserve labor force, (307) yet it still was not enough, the economy demanded a larger work force. This demand worked in cooperation with the availability of the women of the time. Commando Mary and Rosie the Riveter became symbols of women who heeded their countrys call (307). There were many enticements luring women to join the work force. These enticements included higher war wages, more available time and opportunity to work, and wartime restrictions on leisure activities. Despite the general expectation that women would return to their home after the war, female laborers did not simply drop their wrenches and pick up frying pans (310). After the war many women continued to work outside the home primarily to help support their families. After the war 28% of the labor force was female compared to the 24% prior to the war. When the war was over nearly one million women were laid off and another 2.25 million voluntarily left. These female losses in the work force were offset by the gain of 2.75 million women into the work force. When women who had been laid off managed to return to work, they often lost their seniority and had to accept reduced pay in lower job categories (310). Due to the severe segregation by gender, the postwar economic life for women was appalling. Postwar American life became organized around marriage and family. As men came back from the war they merged with the peacetime economy, taking jobs away from women and sending them back to the home. With the demise of Mary and Rosie came new role models whose ideas and beliefs were focused around the home and not the workplace. This was due to the fact that during the war many writers were female and supported involvement in the labor force and after the war many of these womens jobs were taken by men with the desire of a cozy domestic life (312). Almost overnight, television became the preeminent mass medium, carrying imagingfeminine or otherwiseof American culture into the home (313). Television shows displayed the personification of what a husband thought a wife should be. An example of this was the show Ozzie and Harriet which showed a warm-hearted, attractive, submissive woman who was only competent within the confines of her own home. Children who grew up seeing this behavior in their own home as well as on television tended to use that lifestyle as a model. Without any external reinforcement, and only by repetition the children learned that men and women had different roles in society. It was this learned behavior which carried the new feminine mystique from generation to generation. As many have said before history repeats itself with WWII as well as WWI, the return of peace meant that women faced layoffs, renewed wage discrimination, and segregation into female-only jobs (307). The media of the 50s and 60s continued to portray women as housewives and mothers. The media has always influenced peoples ideas and values, whether it was a wartime poster of Rosie or a magazine article depicting sweet, submissive housewives, or a TV show with June Cleaver taking care of the boys and her home.

Audit Expectation Gap

Audit Expectation Gap Definition and structure of the audit expectation gapIn today's growing world of business, we see organizations reaching heights and falling dramatically. In last 100 years, the size of the companies has grown multiple folds and so is their list of stakeholders, especially investors. A huge investment in the past years is seen on the corporate governance activities to ensure a good image of the company. Auditing being a legal obligation for the companies now, ensure that the financial reports of the company are without any material misstatement and frauds. Reports presented by the auditors work as an assurance for the investors and other stake holders. However, in recent years, while many corporate scandals and collapses, that were associated with auditors' fraud and negligence, have been unveiled, the auditors' legal liabilities became the bone of contention in almost every country. Auditing being an expensive activity is performed till a limited extent, best possible ways are imple mented to avoid any chance of leaving the problems in the financial reports, but despite everything, things go wrong and probably would continue to be the same way.English: Verner after his 1940 election as Vermont...We will find laws in every country to safeguard the interest of an auditor and the stakeholder as well. In this relation, there is seen an increase in the number of lawsuits filed against the auditors in the recent times. This gives us an indication that the investors are not satisfied with the way auditing firms are operating and or they are not producing the desired results. The atmosphere around and the job profile creates a necessity for the auditor to know its legal duties, so that they can discharge their duties properly. On the other hand, in case of the investor or other stakeholders relying on the audit reports, we will see a lot of misperceptions...

The purpose and usefulness of standard audit report Essay

The purpose and usefulness of standard audit report - Essay Example Normally, audit reports presents the external review of the financial information of a company, conducted by an accounting firm and shareholders use it in assessing the financial health of a company. The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) in UK recommended for the enhancement of the responsibilities in financial reporting for the audit committees through publicizing of expanded reports. The auditor reporting entails coordinated structure that leverages the resources by IAASB (Boeckman et al. 2013, p. 76). A standard report summarizes an audit by the public accounting firm about the liquidity strength of a company. Auditing process entails comparison of the findings to internal audits to identify any discrepancies or errors involved therewith. When the audit is clean, standard audit report results. The standard audit report is the most used audit report, and it ensures that companies do not defraud the investors. Failure of the audit reports to conform to the acceptable standards in ac counting creates apprehension amongst the shareholders of the company (Boeckman et al. 2013, p. 77). The corporate finance statements and other investors express the concerns on the usefulness of standard audit reports (SAR). ... Three types of audit reports issued by auditors include the qualified, unqualified and adverse. Qualified opinions indicate the violation of accounting standards; adverse report shows shortcomings of the company; while unqualified opinion shows not-material misstatements. Audit reports are beneficial to a company. Standard audit report indicates issuance of non-qualified opinion based on the financial information of a company. This allows for extension of business by seeking outside investment to enhance future operations (Carcello 2012, p. 22). Furthermore, standard audit reports entail warnings. Adverse or qualified audit opinions subject the company to further audits resulting in negative goodwill to the outside investors. Companies also experience regulatory fines from the government agencies due to misleading the public on the financial health of the company. Standard audit reports also contain the expert insight. The accounting firms issue information to companies and auditors on acceptable auditing standards (Carcello 2012, p. 24). Standard Audit Report (SAR) SAR changed insignificantly over the last 60 years. Audit reports had not changed prior to 1988 Statements on Auditing Standards (SAS). There were significant changes made on the audit report by the financial statements. Professions tried making changes in 1965, and SAS incorporated introductory, opinion and scope changes in the third paragraph. The changes enhanced the usefulness of the audit report by giving a comprehensive definition of audit, as well as maintaining effective communication of management responsibilities, and the auditor in order to reduce SASs expectation gap. The main objective of SAR is to enhance credibility of the financial statements by the

Evolution of Health Care Information Systems Essay - 1

Evolution of Health Care Information Systems - Essay Example This paper outlines that the use of health care information systems in United States has changed considerably during last twenty years. U.S. health organizations have modernized most of their health facilities in order to improve service delivery. A great deal of investments has been made in implementation of the information systems that are applied in clinical operations. In an effort to improve service delivery and decrease costs, health organizations have adopted computerized systems such as Electronic Medical Record systems. In the past, before the development of the EMR, health organizations used paper based record systems. At the time, half of the patient’s information was computerized and stored as computer printouts. From this study it is clear that the automated systems were used as primary source for analyzing patients’ information by the physicians or the clinicians. This contrasts sharply with the modern Electronic Medical Recording systems which are used as passive storage devices in many health organizations. Using this system enables physicians to access knowledge resources, reminders and alerts. Health professionals can use the system in decision making due to the fact that it enables them to access the decision support capabilities. Most of the health facilities present in the health centers could not be used to manage the patient health effectively. With the introduction of the electronic system, clinicians and physician have used the system to manage health of patients. The health facilities in the past could not provide the physician with comprehensive view of the patient’s health. Even though there is sharp contrast between health care facilities in the past and at the present, there exist some similarities. Medical records kept whichever the system is used, is very useful for documenting patient care.